Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), a zoonotic arbovirosis caused by tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), is an increasing public health concern. Infections result in neurological symptoms in humans and the virus has rapidly expanded to new geographical areas. Three subtypes are currently present in different parts of Europe and Asia. The virus is transmitted by ticks, mainly Ixodes spp., between small mammals such as rodents, which serve as virus amplifying hosts. Humans are infected sporadically, either by a tick bite or by ingestion of infected milk or milk products. Other mammals (e.g. ruminants) can also be infected, but most of the time do not show clinical signs. In contrast to rodents, other wild and domestic mammals probably play only a very small direct role in maintaining TBEV in an area, but they might play an important role as hosts in sustaining a large tick population.

Keywords
Clinic – Control – Diagnostics – Epidemiology – Immune response – Pathogenesis – Tick-borne encephalitis – Virus – Zoonosis.