Terrestrial Animal Health Code 2017

The Terrestrial Code contributes to the improvement of terrestrial animal health and welfare and veterinary public health worldwide and to assure the sanitary safety of international trade in terrestrial animals (mammals, reptiles, birds and bees) and their products.

Aquatic Animal Health Code 2017

The aim of the OIE Aquatic Code is to contribute to the improvement of the health of aquatic animals and welfare of farmed fish worldwide and to assure the sanitary safety of international trade in aquatic animals (amphibians, crustaceans, fish and molluscs) and their products.

Manual of Diagnostic Tests for Aquatic Animals 2016

The purpose of the 7th Edition of the Aquatic Manual is to provide a uniform approach to the detection of the diseases listed in the OIE Aquatic Animal Health Code, so that the requirements for health certification in connection with trade in aquatic animals and aquatic animal products can be met. It includes bibliographical references and a list of the OIE Reference Laboratories for amphibian, crustacean, fish and mollusc diseases.

OIE Standards, Guidelines and Resolution on antimicrobial resistance and the use of antimicrobial agents

This special publication has been prepared to support the Global Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance (GAP-AMR) that WHO is developing in collaboration with FAO and OIE.

Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals 2018

The purpose of the Terrestrial Manual is to contribute to the international harmonisation of diagnostic methods, the surveillance and control of the most important animal diseases as well as the certification for international trade of animals and animal products. To this end, standards are described for laboratory diagnostic tests and the production and quality control of biological products (principally vaccines) for veterinary use across the globe. Expected in 2018.

Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals 2012

The aim of this edition of the Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals is to contribute to the international harmonisation of methods for the diagnostic, the surveillance and control of the most important animal diseases and their certification for international trade of animals and animal products. For that purpose, standards are described for laboratory diagnostic tests and the production and control of biological products (principally vaccines) for veterinary use across the globe. 

The economics of animal health
Scientific and Technical Review, Vol. 36 (1)

This Review allows the presentation of what is currently considered best practice in the use of economics in animal health, and it looks at where economics could be incorporated into animal health investments and programmes to ensure that the allocation of resources is both proportionate and timely.

Biological threat reduction
Scientific and Technical Review, Vol. 36 (2)

This issue reviews the use of animal pathogens and zoonotic agents as bioweapons. More specifically, it examines their use throughout history, explores current disease trends and threats and evaluates the use of animals as sentinels for early detection of outbreaks affecting animals and/or humans, whether the outbreaks be of natural, accidental or deliberate origin. Expected in October 2017.

Plurithematic issue
Scientific and Technical Review, Vol. 36 (3)

Expected in December 2017.

Plurithematic issue
Scientific and Technical Review, Vol. 35 (3)

Vol. 35 (3), 2016
ISBN 978-92-9044-998-0

The future of pastoralism
Scientific and Technical Review, Vol. 35 (2)

This issue provides a vision for the sustainable use of pastoral ecosystems, providing innovative ideas for livelihoods, economic development, sustained ecosystem services, animal health management and social and institutional development. It examines human and animal health services and the added value of improved collaboration between the two under a ‘One Health’ approach.

Potential applications of pathogen genomics
Scientific and Technical Review, Vol. 35 (1)

Plurithematic issue
Scientific and Technical Review, Vol. 34 (3)

New developments in major vector-borne diseases
Part II: Important diseases for veterinarians
Scientific and Technical Review, Vol. 34 (2)

The second volume of this Review principally looks at viral diseases, but also considers bacterial diseases and, finally, parasitic diseases. The description of each disease has been updated in accordance with the most recent scientific research, focusing on epidemiology and control. Particular emphasis is placed on emerging diseases (such as infection with the Schmallenberg virus) and diseases that have a zoonotic component (such as West Nile fever). Diseases that have experienced a recent geographic expansion (bluetongue, fever due to the Chikungunya virus) are also discussed. In total, twenty-nine diseases are covered.

New developments in major vector-borne diseases
Part I: An overview
Scientific and Technical Review, Vol. 34 (1)

The first volume of this Review focuses on the most important arthropod vectors (insects and ticks) and describes their taxonomy, biology, competence and development. It begins by defining ‘vector’, ‘vector-borne disease’ and ‘emerging disease’ and provides explanations that are in line with the OIE understanding of these terms. The zoonotic risks of infections transmitted by arthropod vectors are also discussed, as is the genetic resistance of certain vertebrate hosts to infection. In addition, this volume considers the influence of climatic and anthropogenic changes on the distribution of vectors and the infections they transmit. The last part of this volume focuses on surveillance and control methods for these infections.

Plurithematic issue
Scientific and Technical Review, Vol. 33 (3)

This edition of the Review contains 28 articles submitted by experts across the world and deals with animal health policies, epidemiological surveillance and disease control. It also provides updated information concerning some animal diseases and new diagnostic methods. Other topics addressed include animal welfare, food safety and zoonoses.

One Health
Scientific and Technical Review, Vol. 33 (2)

In recent years, the concept of ‘One Health’ has gained wide acceptance in the scientific community as well as the attention of the development community, policy-makers and politicians. International bodies such as the OIE, the UN agencies, and the World Bank have adopted a ‘One Health’ approach in their collaborative efforts to control avian and zoonotic influenza with pandemic potential and other diseases of animal origin on both a local and global scale. In this special issue of the Review, governmental representatives, organisational heads and experts on these issues from around the world provide insights and experiences that lead readers through the progression of ‘One Health’ from concept to perspectives to practice.

Animal welfare: focusing on the future
Scientific and Technical Review, Vol. 33 (1)

This issue of the Review, suggested by the OIE Collaborating Centre for Animal Welfare Science and Bioethical Analysis, outlines contemporary thinking about factors that promote or jeopardise the productivity, health and welfare of the wide range of animals used for human purposes.
The 34 selected papers are original, written specifically for this Review, and do not appear elsewhere. They provide an easy to read and incredibly interesting global overview of animal welfare issues, which are relevant to all vets and vet students. December 2014 issue of The Veterinarian

Plurithematic issue
Scientific and Technical Review 32 (3)

Volume 32 (3) of the Scientific and Technical Review contains 26 articles submitted by experts from across the world. This issue deals with animal health policies and Veterinary Services as well as epidemiological surveillance and disease control. It also provides updated information about some animal diseases and new diagnostic methods. Other topics addressed include animal welfare, food safety and zoonoses. The annual plurithematic issue of the Scientific and Technical Review provides a unique opportunity to publish reports on the management of various animal diseases in the world, in particular in countries whose animal health situation is rarely reported in the literature.

Coordinating surveillance policies in animal health and food safety ‘from farm to fork’
Scientific and Technical Review 32 (2)

This issue of the Review addresses the recognised need for better coordination of surveillance policies for animal health, food pathogens and foodborne diseases. It examines the role of Veterinary Services and highlights the need to work closely with the other services involved.

Brucellosis: recent developments towards ‘One Health’
Scientific and Technical Review 32 (1)

This issue of the Review presents a comprehensive overview of the state of knowledge of the ecology of brucellosis, a clearer understanding of the current situation and a summary of the outlook for the future, so as to allow the disease to be neglected no longer, or at least to be recognised as neglected.

Plurithematic issue
Scientific and Technical Review 31 (3)

Volume 31 (3) of the Scientific and Technical Review contains 27 articles submitted by experts from across the world. The articles describe different animal disease surveillance strategies and the control and elimination of important animal diseases. Other topics include the organisation of Veterinary Services, diagnosis, vaccines and pharmaceuticals.

The plurithematic Review also provides a unique opportunity to publish reports on the situation of various animal diseases in the world, in particular in countries whose animal health situation is rarely reported in the literature.

Good governance and financing of efficient Veterinary Services
Scientific and Technical Review 31 (2)

This issue of the Review aims at providing the reader with a conceptual framework to analyse the governance of national Veterinary Services and shows how reforms that promote good governance can help enhance the quality of national animal health systems and assist countries to achieve compliance with OIE international standards.

Antimicrobial resistance in animal and public health
Scientific and Technical Review 31 (1)

The focus of this Review is to address the various factors that must be taken into account when trying to understand the antimicrobial resistance problem, with a particular focus on the use of antimicrobials in animals. 

Plurithematic issue
Scientific and Technical Review 30 (3)

Volume 30 (3) of the Scientific and Technical Review contains 30 articles submitted by experts from across the world. The articles describe different animal disease surveillance strategies and the control and elimination of important animal diseases. Other topics covered include epidemiology, risk analysis, diagnosis, vaccines and various aspects of animal welfare.

The Review also provides a unique opportunity to publish reports on the situation of various animal diseases in the world, in particular in countries whose animal health situation is rarely reported in the literature.

Models in the management of animal diseases
Scientific and Technical Review 30 (2)

The purpose of this issue of the Review is to encourage and facilitate worldwide improvement in the understanding of the ways in which national Veterinary Services and their partners can make use of models in the prevention and control of animal diseases.

The spread of pathogens through international trade
Scientific and Technical Review 30 (1)

This issue of the Review brings together an important collection of well-researched papers by internationally-recognised experts. It aims to document the real, rather than hypothetical, risks from international trade in animals and animal products and compares these with the risks from some of the other means by which pathogens are disseminated. The measures available to mitigate risks are also examined.

Plurithematic issue
Scientific and Technical Review 29 (3)

Volume 29 (3) of the Scientific and Technical Review contains 25 articles submitted by experts from across the world. The articles describe different animal disease surveillance strategies and the control and elimination of important animal diseases. Other topics include the organisation of Veterinary Services, diagnosis, vaccines and pharmaceuticals, and various aspects of animal welfare.

Invasive species – Part 2: concrete examples
Scientific and Technical Review 29 (2)

Invasive species – Part 1: general aspects and biodiversity
Scientific and Technical Review 29 (1)

Invasive ‘alien’ species may compete with already existing local biodiversity and domestic animals, introduce infectious transboundary diseases (often emerging), and have a detrimental effect on the environment. Invasive animal species may belong to any species, including molluscs, arthropods, fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds or mammals. Moreover, invasive plants can have an impact on the animal kingdom.

Plurithematic issue
Scientific and Technical Review 28 (3)

Volume 28 (3) of the Review contains 28 articles submitted by experts from all around the world. The articles describe different animal disease surveillance strategies and the control and elimination of important animal diseases. The organisation of Veterinary Services is also discussed, as are diagnosis and vaccines.

Veterinary education for global animal and public health
Scientific and Technical Review 28 (2)

This OIE Review is devoted to the improvement of student education in global animal and public health, and all its numerous facets, in every veterinary faculty in the world. Its content will be of interest to all those involved in veterinary medicine. This set of 49 papers is devoted to defining the animal and public health education that every veterinary student in the world should receive, irrespective of their intended career path and whether or not they will be directly working within the field of veterinary public health. Other papers are devoted to the question of how this education can be achieved within an already packed curriculum.

Avian influenza
Scientific and Technical Review 28 (1)

The drastic increase in research has resulted in a significant expansion of our knowledge of avian influenza viruses and the role they play in animals and humans. This issue of the OIE Review presents a comprehensive overview of our present understanding of avian influenza. Foremost experts in influenza have agreed to share their opinion and latest results to provide a state-of-the-art summary on the current knowledge.

Plurithematic issue
Scientific and Technical Review 27 (3)

Volume 27 (3) of the Review contains 29 articles submitted by experts from all parts of the world. The articles describe different animal disease surveillance strategies and the control and elimination of important animal diseases. The organisation of Veterinary Services is also discussed, as are diagnosis and vaccines. The Review is a unique vehicle for the publication of reports on the situation of various animal diseases in the world, in particular in countries whose animal health situation receives little or no publicity otherwise.

Climate change: impact on the epidemiology and control of animal diseases
Scientific and Technical Review 27 (2)

The impact of climate change on human and animal health is a highly topical issue and extensive debates and speculations often predict the worst. Following the most recent report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, this special issue of the OIE Review has been developed to provide an overview of the latest scientific knowledge on the impact of climate change on animal diseases and the control options currently available. 

Changing trends in managing aquatic animal disease emergencies
Scientific and Technical Review 27 (1)

With the increase in the culture of ‘new’ aquatic animal species and the consequential discovery of new and emerging diseases, it appears timely to provide an update on the range of disease emergency management strategies. The main purpose of this volume of the Review is therefore to provide a state-of-the-art compilation and assessment of aquatic animal disease emergency management strategies, covering policies as well as operational tools, from international to farm levels. It aims to provide useful generic information on the different issues surrounding the management of aquatic animal disease emergencies, written by world specialists.
It should be extremely valuable, providing a contemporary and truly global perspective on this topic.

Plurithematic issue
Scientific and Technical Review 26 (3)

Volume 26 (3) of the Scientific and Technical Review contains 21 articles submitted by experts from all parts of the world. The articles describe different animal disease surveillance strategies and the control and ellimination of important animal diseases. The organisation of Veterinary Services is also discussed, as are diagnosis and vaccines. The Review is a unique vehicle for the publication of reports on the situation of various animal diseases in the world, in particular in countries whose animal health situation receives little or no publicity otherwise.

Animal vaccination – Part 2: scientific, economic, regulatory and socio-ethical aspects
Scientific and Technical Review 26 (2)

Vaccination, when available, is undoubtedly the most cost-effective means to prevent and control or even eradicate infectious diseases. In recent years vaccination has also been used for other purposes in animal welfare and production, such as for immuno-castration. In fact the impact of vaccination goes far beyond the simple control of infectious diseases. Vaccination will therefore help to reach many of the objectives of the 2005 Millenium development goals report, especially in the light of the foreseen livestock revolution.
Public perception and disapproval of some veterinary prophylactic measures, such as mass slaughtering of livestock to control epizootic diseases, also contribute to drive vaccination as an alternative. This will be made easier, thanks to recent progress in veterinary vaccinology, such as the availability of marker vaccines. This special issue of the OIE Scientific and Technical Review is aiming at providing useful generic information instead of giving detailed technical descriptions of specific diseases or vaccines.

Animal vaccination – Part 1: development, production and use of vaccines
Scientific and Technical Review 26 (1)

Vaccination, when available, is undoubtedly the most cost-effective means to prevent and control or even eradicate infectious diseases. In recent years vaccination has also been used for other purposes in animal welfare and production, such as for immuno-castration. In fact the impact of vaccination goes far beyond the simple control of infectious diseases. Vaccination will therefore help to reach many of the objectives of the 2005 Millenium development goals report, especially in the light of the foreseen livestock revolution.

Plurithematic issue
Scientific and Technical Review 25 (3)

Volume 25 (3) of the Scientific and Technical Review contains 25 articles submitted by experts from all parts of the world. The articles describe different animal disease surveillance strategies and control and eradication of important animal diseases. The economic impact of animal diseases on global trade is also studied, and the epidemiology of different diseases is described in various countries. Veterinary public health organisational models and veterinary diagnostic laboratory quality control are also discussed. The Review also constitutes a unique vehicle for the publication of reports on the situation of various animal diseases in the world, in particular in countries whose animal health situation receives little or no publicity otherwise.

Animal production food safety challenges in global markets
Scientific and Technical Review 25 (2)

In the global context of animal production in both the industrialised and developing world, this Review describes the various hazards that can occur during the production stage, including problems associated with fish and shellfish farming. It also deals with responses to food safety challenges, including policy development and practical implementation of on-farm food safety measures, the link between food safety and market access, the responsibilities of the Veterinary Services and public investment in strengthening these and other food safety services. In addition, the implementation of traceability systems and the issue of antimicrobial resistance and the prudent use of antibiotics are discussed. The last section deals with the global perspectives – international standard-setting organisations and stakeholders.

Biological disasters of animal origin. The role and preparedness of veterinary and public health services
Scientific and Technical Review 25 (1)

Since October 2001 the possibility of intended disease outbreaks has been put forward repeatedly in many countries. The history of such events and their impacts are explored and may surprise many by what is possible and yet the uncertainty of the risk. At the same time we can be sure that the ‘old’ diseases will continue to occur. In our global economy, what happens in one corner of the world can threaten us all, and sooner rather than later. The events of the present H5N1 avian influenza pandemic remind us that we do have to be concerned with the threats imbedded in global trade but also with migratory birds ignorant of international boundaries and regulations.

Plurithematic issue
Scientific and Technical Review 24 (3)

Volume 24 (3) of the Scientific and Technical Review contains 27 articles submitted by experts from all parts of the world, brought together under the following headings: Epidemiology and veterinary economics, organisation of Veterinary Services and service delivery, reports, and communications.

Animal Welfare: global issues, trends and challenges
Scientific and Technical Review 24 (2)

“Animal Welfare: global issues, trends and challenges” is the second major animal welfare publication in the OIE Scientific and Technical Review series and is designed to provide a contemporary, and truly global, perspective on animal welfare. Detailed reviews on historical, current and future approaches to the scientific assessment of animal welfare will be complemented by perspectives and updates from the five OIE regions and selected international stakeholders.

Biotechnology applications in animal health and production
Scientific and Technical Review 24 (1)

Some of the most promising applications of biotechnology are in the field of animal health and production, in areas such as assisted reproduction, increased disease resistance, nano-based diagnostic and ‘smart’ treatment delivery systems, increasingly improved vaccines and refined diagnostic techniques.However, it is essential that this new technology be thoroughly assessed and implemented in a responsible manner. This Review identifies national, regional and international policies, institutions and regulatory frameworks, and discusses the role of international standard-setting bodies, in particular the World Organisation for Animal Health(OIE). 

Plurithematic issue
Scientific and Technical Review 23 (3)

Volume 23 (3) of the Review contains 31 articles submitted by experts from all parts of the world, brought together under the following headings: Epidemiology and veterinary economics, organisation of Veterinary Services and service delivery, reports and communications. The articles describe ex-ante economic analysis of animal disease surveillance, methods for assessing the impact of animal diseases on global trade, and discuss the epidemiology of several diseases in different parts of the world. They present models for the organisation of veterinary public health, discuss the use of databases on the Internet for carrying out complex animal health studies, propose disease control strategies and describe quality management in reference tests.

Emerging zoonoses and pathogens of public health concern
Scientific and Technical Review 23 (2)

Emerging zoonoses can occur anywhere in the world and the consequences can be severe. The interdependence of people and animals and the many different factors controlling this relationship have converged to create an environment that is conducive to the emergence of zoonotic pathogens. The recent epidemics of SARS, West Nile virus, and avian influenza demonstrate the global importance of emerging diseases and the important role of Veterinary Services in the prevention, detection, diagnosis, surveillance, response and research activities that are needed to address them. In addition, emerging zoonoses of public health concern are also a sobering reminder of the tremendous trade disruptions and socio-economic damage that this group of diseases can cause.

Veterinary institutions in the developing world: current status and future needs
Scientific and Technical Review 23 (1)

Veterinary institutions in the developing world need to adapt to the challenges of the increase in animal production (scale and intensity) and trade and in the movement of animals and products of animal origin, all of which significantly increase the threat of animal disease and zoonosis transmission. This adaptation of Veterinary Services will be carried out in the context of the important changes in the public and private sectors that have taken place in recent years: changing concepts regarding the role of government resulted in budget cuts and reduced support for the large number of tasks that the public Veterinary Services traditionally performed. The greater focus of national and international policy-makers on reducing poverty in the developing world also added another dimension to the role of animal health services. All these different trends, led to a change in the division of responsibilities between public and private service providers and between the professional (university educated) and para-professional levels. 

Plurithematic issue
Scientific and Technical Review 22 (3)

Volume 22 (3) of the Scientific and Technical Review contains 31 articles submitted by experts from all parts of the world, brought together under the following headings: Epidemiology and veterinary economics, organisation of Veterinary Services and service delivery, reports, and communications.

Veterinary Services: organisation, quality assurance and evaluation
Scientific and Technical Review 22 (2)

There is a growing demand among producers and consumers for Veterinary Services to protect the health of animals and the safety of products of animal origin for both domestic and international markets. To do this, Veterinary Services rely on the Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS) of the World Trade Organization (WTO), and on the standards defined by the Terrestrial Animal Health Code and the Aquatic Animal Health Code of the OIE.